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A recommendation letter or letter of recommendation, also known as a letter of reference, reference letter or simply reference, is a document in which the writer assesses the qualities, characteristics, and capabilities of the person being recommended in terms of that individual's ability to perform a particular task or function. Letters of recommendation are typically related to employment (such a letter may also be called an employment reference or job reference), admission to institutions of higher education, or scholarship eligibility. Recommendation letters are usually specifically requested to be written about someone, and are therefore addressed to a particular requester (such as a new employer, university admissions officer, etc.), although they may also be issued to the person being recommended without specifying an addressee. The person providing a reference is called a referee. Some employers may not be willing to provide reference letters because they may be worried about potential lawsuits. In this case, the employer may only provide the job title, dates of employment and salary history for the employee. Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Bulgaria are the only countries in Europe where employees can legally claim an employment reference, including the right to a correct, unambiguous and benevolent appraisal.〔Heinz-Günther Dachrodt, Erich Ullmann: ''Zeugnisse lesen und verstehen. Formulierungen und ihre Bedeutung''. ÖGB-Verlag Wien 2000, ISBN 3-7035-0809-4〕 In Germany and Switzerland the reference letter is called ''Arbeitszeugnis'', in Austria ''Dienstzeugnis''. An employment reference letter is usually written by a former employer or manager, but references can also be requested from co-workers, customers and vendors. Teachers and professors may also supply references; this typically applies in the case of recommendations for academic purposes, but also for employment, particularly if the person is applying for their first job. References may also be required of companies seeking to win contracts, particularly in the fields of engineering, consultancy, industry and construction, and with regard to public procurement and tenders. Such references are usually supplied by parties to which the company has provided similar services in the past, and are used to assess its ability to deliver the required level of service. == Content == The employment reference letter can cover topics such as:〔Peter Häusermann: ''Arbeitszeugnisse – wahr, klar und fair. Tipps und Anregungen für verantwortungsbewusste Arbeitgeber''. 6. Auflage. Spektramedia, Zürich 2008, ISBN 978-3-908244-08-0〕 * the employee's tasks and responsibilities * the duration of employment or tasks/ responsibilities * the position relative to the author of the reference letter * the employee's abilities, knowledge, creativity, intelligence * the employee's qualifications (foreign languages, special skills) * the employee's social attitude * the employee's power of rapport * reason(s) of employment termination * some text with the actual recommendation itself (e.g. 'I unequivocally recommend ... () as a ... (role ) and would be happy to hire him/ her again'). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「recommendation letter」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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